Construction and demolition activities produce significant amounts of waste materials each year, making this sector a major contributor to waste generation globally. Each year, the construction and demolition sector across the globe produces an estimated 1.3 billion tonnes of waste. Most waste materials were not recycled and disposed of in landfills or burned in factories that convert waste into energy. Concrete, bricks and glasses are some of the materials that are not recyclable and make up a part of building and demolition debris. Nonetheless, these materials could have significant positive impacts when reused in construction projects. Incorporating recycled concrete, bricks and glasses as primary components in chip seal pavements is an efficient method for recycling and reusing these materials.

Chip seal (also called a seal coat or surface dressing) has been a popular surface treatment in Malaysia in recent years. It is a single layer of asphalt binder covered by embedded aggregate (one stone thick), and its primary purpose is to seal the fine cracks in the underlying pavement surface and prevent water intrusion into the base and subgrade. The aggregates protect the asphalt layer from damage and develop a macro texture to provide a skid-resistant road surface for vehicles. Chip seals are a pavement maintenance method for correcting or preventing problems on roads and other surfaces.